The Vishwakarma community of Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) uses granite, locally referred to as living stones. Locally sourced granite, including karuppukal (black), vellai kal (white) and pacchai kal (green) are used to create sculptures. Maavu kal (soapstone), durki and marble sourced from Rajasthan are also used to craft small figurines. Craftsmen choose stones with flawless texture and desired colour. The process starts by levelling the stone, with craftsmen drawing the figure using red oxide and water. They cut the stone using carefully placed wedges about 5cm deep, driven by heavy hammers to get clean edges. Stones are polished using sandpaper or carborundum. This is followed by a coconut or castor oil rub, giving the idol its distinct black colour and a smoother surface.