Odisha is a state rich in mineral resources. It holds a prominent place in the realm of metal craftsmanship. Notably, in the production of kansa (a bell metal alloy of copper and tin) and pital (brass, a combination of copper and zinc). Village clusters in Ganjam, Gajapati, Gunupur, Puri, Balasore, Balangir and Dhenkanal are famous for producing exquisite metalware. Kansa and pital have become a part of the community’s identity, important in daily lives and sacred rituals.

Bell metal work peaked during the reign of the Ganga kings. The skilled artisans (known as kansaris) use various tools for this labour-intensive craft. These include the hatodi (hammer), sandusi (pincer), ruha (file), lihini (scraper) and bhanra (hand-operated drill). Traditionally, metal utensils are shaped by two methods, moulding or hammering.

For centuries, bell metal utensils and pots have graced Odisha’s kitchens. They are revered for their Ayurvedic properties and also believed to balance pH levels. These kitchenware also feature in the region’s matrimonial traditions. Kansaris can also craft items like ginni (small cymbals), khatuli (a small seat for idols), kunda (water tub) and rukha (lamp).

The nine-day Rath Yatra (chariot-drawn procession) of Lord Jagannath in Puri is accompanied by a musical symphony. This includes cymbals made from bell metal, bells, and the mridangam (a percussion instrument).

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