Originating from the banks of the Indus, Bagh is a technique of block printing and dyeing that produces exquisite textiles with a vibrant three-colour palette. It is practised by the Khatri community, some of whom migrated to Bagh in Madhya Pradesh due to its proximity to the Baghni River. The water’s high copper content results in vibrant colours. Equally important, the block-makers carve intricate designs on pieces of wood which are used for printing.

The style might appear to have a deceptively simple foundation of simple fabrics, such as cotton or silk, natural colours and wooden blocks. However, Bagh block printing, also known as Thappa Chapai, is an incredibly detailed art form. Bales of cloth are washed in haudis (tanks) and then beaten to clean off the debris. Next, the cloth is immersed in khara, a unique mixture of rock salt, goat droppings, and castor oil. Trampling the cloth underfoot creates froth, which softens it further. Treated with a special mordant called harda, the fabric becomes receptive to dyes. After drying, the block-printing process begins, first in black, and then dipped in alizarin for red.

For the printing, blocks of teak wood are carved with intricate patterns. Many vintage blocks becoming heirloom pieces themselves. Traditional motifs include tendu (plant), phool buta (floral) and nandana (mango).

This technique received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2015. It is used to make home linen, saris, and more.

Master craftsman Ismail Suleman Khatri, his wife and five sons have played a pivotal role in preserving and elevating the art of Bagh block printing. Every member of this family is a recipient of the Shilp Guru National Award. They have not only worked with vintage blocks but also created new ones inspired by rock paintings and the Taj Mahal. Their innovations include the use of vegetable dyes, as well.